ConfigMap 是用来存储配置文件的 kubernetes 资源对象，所有的配置内容都存储在 etcd 中，下文主要是探究 ConfigMap 的创建和更新流程，以及对 ConfigMap 更新后容器内挂载的内容是否同步更新的测试。
测试示例
假设我们在 default namespace 下有一个名为 nginx-config 的 ConfigMap，可以使用 kubectl 命令来获取：
$ kubectl get configmap nginx-config
NAME DATA AGE
nginx-config 1 99d
获取该 ConfigMap 的内容。
kubectl get configmap nginx-config -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
nginx.conf: |-
worker_processes 1;
events { worker_connections 1024; }
http {
sendfile on;
server {
listen 80;
# a test endpoint that returns http 200s
location / {
proxy_pass http://httpstat.us/200;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name api.hello.world;
location / {
proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_http_version 1.1;
more_clear_input_headers 'l5d-ctx-*' 'l5d-dtab' 'l5d-sample';
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.hello.world;
location / {
# allow 'employees' to perform dtab overrides
if ($cookie_special_employee_cookie != "letmein") {
more_clear_input_headers 'l5d-ctx-*' 'l5d-dtab' 'l5d-sample';
}
# add a dtab override to get people to our beta, world-v2
set $xheader "";
if ($cookie_special_employee_cookie ~* "dogfood") {
set $xheader "/host/world => /srv/world-v2;";
}
proxy_set_header 'l5d-dtab' $xheader;
proxy_pass http://l5d.default.svc.cluster.local;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_http_version 1.1;
}
}
}
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
creationTimestamp: 2017-08-01T06:53:17Z
name: nginx-config
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "14925806"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/nginx-config
uid: 18d70527-7686-11e7-bfbd-8af1e3a7c5bd
ConfigMap 中的内容是存储到 etcd 中的，然后查询 etcd：
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get /registry/configmaps/default/nginx-config -w json|python -m json.tool
注意使用 v3 版本的 etcdctl API，下面是输出结果：
{
"count": 1,
"header": {
"cluster_id": 12091028579527406772,
"member_id": 16557816780141026208,
"raft_term": 36,
"revision": 29258723
},
"kvs": [
{
"create_revision": 14925806,
"key": "L3JlZ2lzdHJ5L2NvbmZpZ21hcHMvZGVmYXVsdC9uZ2lueC1jb25maWc=",
"mod_revision": 14925806,
"value": "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",
"version": 1
}
]
}
其中的 value 就是 nginx.conf 配置文件的内容。
代码
ConfigMap 结构体的定义：
// ConfigMap holds configuration data for pods to consume.
type ConfigMap struct {
metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
// Standard object's metadata.
// More info: http://releases.k8s.io/HEAD/docs/devel/api-conventions.md#metadata
// +optional
metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`
// Data contains the configuration data.
// Each key must be a valid DNS_SUBDOMAIN with an optional leading dot.
// +optional
Data map[string]string `json:"data,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=data"`
}
在 staging/src/k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1/configmap.go 中 ConfigMap 的接口定义：
// ConfigMapInterface has methods to work with ConfigMap resources.
type ConfigMapInterface interface {
Create(*v1.ConfigMap) (*v1.ConfigMap, error)
Update(*v1.ConfigMap) (*v1.ConfigMap, error)
Delete(name string, options *meta_v1.DeleteOptions) error
DeleteCollection(options *meta_v1.DeleteOptions, listOptions meta_v1.ListOptions) error
Get(name string, options meta_v1.GetOptions) (*v1.ConfigMap, error)
List(opts meta_v1.ListOptions) (*v1.ConfigMapList, error)
Watch(opts meta_v1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error)
Patch(name string, pt types.PatchType, data []byte, subresources ...string) (result *v1.ConfigMap, err error)
ConfigMapExpansion
}
在 staging/src/k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1/configmap.go 中创建 ConfigMap 的方法如下：
// Create takes the representation of a configMap and creates it. Returns the server's representation of the configMap, and an error, if there is any.
func (c *configMaps) Create(configMap *v1.ConfigMap) (result *v1.ConfigMap, err error) {
result = &v1.ConfigMap{}
err = c.client.Post().
Namespace(c.ns).
Resource("configmaps").
Body(configMap).
Do().
Into(result)
return
}
通过 RESTful 请求在 etcd 中存储 ConfigMap 的配置，该方法中设置了资源对象的 namespace 和 HTTP 请求中的 body，执行后将请求结果保存到 result 中返回给调用者。
注意 Body 的结构
// Body makes the request use obj as the body. Optional.
// If obj is a string, try to read a file of that name.
// If obj is a []byte, send it directly.
// If obj is an io.Reader, use it directly.
// If obj is a runtime.Object, marshal it correctly, and set Content-Type header.
// If obj is a runtime.Object and nil, do nothing.
// Otherwise, set an error.
创建 ConfigMap RESTful 请求中的的 Body 中包含 ObjectMeta 和 namespace。
HTTP 请求中的结构体：
// Request allows for building up a request to a server in a chained fashion.
// Any errors are stored until the end of your call, so you only have to
// check once.
type Request struct {
// required
client HTTPClient
verb string
baseURL *url.URL
content ContentConfig
serializers Serializers
// generic components accessible via method setters
pathPrefix string
subpath string
params url.Values
headers http.Header
// structural elements of the request that are part of the Kubernetes API conventions
namespace string
namespaceSet bool
resource string
resourceName string
subresource string
timeout time.Duration
// output
err error
body io.Reader
// This is only used for per-request timeouts, deadlines, and cancellations.
ctx context.Context
backoffMgr BackoffManager
throttle flowcontrol.RateLimiter
}
测试
分别测试使用 ConfigMap 挂载 Env 和 Volume 的情况。
更新使用 ConfigMap 挂载的 Env
使用下面的配置创建 nginx 容器测试更新 ConfigMap 后容器内的环境变量是否也跟着更新。
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: my-nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: my-nginx
image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/nginx:1.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
envFrom:
- configMapRef:
name: env-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: env-config
namespace: default
data:
log_level: INFO
获取环境变量的值
$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` env|grep log_level
log_level=INFO
修改 ConfigMap
$ kubectl edit configmap env-config
修改 log_level 的值为 DEBUG。
再次查看环境变量的值。
$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` env|grep log_level
log_level=INFO
实践证明修改 ConfigMap 无法更新容器中已注入的环境变量信息。
更新使用 ConfigMap 挂载的 Volume
使用下面的配置创建 nginx 容器测试更新 ConfigMap 后容器内挂载的文件是否也跟着更新。
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: my-nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: my-nginx
image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/nginx:1.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: special-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: special-config
namespace: default
data:
log_level: INFO
$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` cat /etc/config/log_level
INFO
修改 ConfigMap
$ kubectl edit configmap special-config
修改 log_level 的值为 DEBUG。
等待大概 10 秒钟时间，再次查看环境变量的值。
$ kubectl exec `kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o=name|cut -d "/" -f2` cat /etc/config/log_level
DEBUG
我们可以看到使用 ConfigMap 方式挂载的 Volume 的文件中的内容已经变成了 DEBUG。
Known Issue：如果使用 ConfigMap 的 subPath 挂载为 Container 的 Volume，Kubernetes 不会做自动热更新：https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/#mounted-configmaps-are-updated-automatically
ConfigMap 更新后滚动更新 Pod
更新 ConfigMap 目前并不会触发相关 Pod 的滚动更新，可以通过修改 pod annotations 的方式强制触发滚动更新。
$ kubectl patch deployment my-nginx --patch '{"spec": {"template": {"metadata": {"annotations": {"version/config": "20180411" }}}}}'
这个例子里我们在 .spec.template.metadata.annotations 中添加 version/config，每次通过修改 version/config 来触发滚动更新。
总结
更新 ConfigMap 后：
- 使用该 ConfigMap 挂载的 Env 不会同步更新
- 使用该 ConfigMap 挂载的 Volume 中的数据需要一段时间（实测大概 10 秒）才能同步更新
ENV 是在容器启动的时候注入的，启动之后 kubernetes 就不会再改变环境变量的值，且同一个 namespace 中的 pod 的环境变量是不断累加的，参考 Kubernetes 中的服务发现与 docker 容器间的环境变量传递源码探究。为了更新容器中使用 ConfigMap 挂载的配置，需要通过滚动更新 pod 的方式来强制重新挂载 ConfigMap。