使用StatefulSet部署有状态应用

StatefulSet 这个对象是专门用来部署用状态应用的，可以为 Pod 提供稳定的身份标识，包括 hostname、启动顺序、DNS 名称等。

下面以在 kubernetes1.6 版本中部署 zookeeper 和 kafka 为例讲解 StatefulSet 的使用，其中 kafka 依赖于 zookeeper。

Dockerfile 和配置文件见 zookeeper 和 kafka。

注：所有的镜像基于 CentOS 系统的 JDK 制作，为我的私人镜像，外部无法访问，yaml 中没有配置持久化存储。

部署 Zookeeper

Dockerfile 中从远程获取 zookeeper 的安装文件，然后在定义了三个脚本：

• zkGenConfig.sh：生成 zookeeper 配置文件
• zkMetrics.sh：获取 zookeeper 的 metrics
• zkOk.sh：用来做 ReadinessProb

我们在来看下这三个脚本的执行结果。

zkMetrics.sh 脚本实际上执行的是下面的命令：

$ echo mntr | nc localhost $ZK_CLIENT_PORT >& 1
zk_version    3.4.6-1569965, built on 02/20/2014 09:09 GMT
zk_avg_latency    0
zk_max_latency    5
zk_min_latency    0
zk_packets_received    427879
zk_packets_sent    427890
zk_num_alive_connections    3
zk_outstanding_requests    0
zk_server_state    leader
zk_znode_count    18
zk_watch_count    3
zk_ephemerals_count    4
zk_approximate_data_size    613
zk_open_file_descriptor_count    29
zk_max_file_descriptor_count    1048576
zk_followers    1
zk_synced_followers    1
zk_pending_syncs    0

zkOk.sh 脚本实际上执行的是下面的命令：

$ echo ruok | nc 127.0.0.1 $ZK_CLIENT_PORT
imok

zookeeper.yaml

下面是启动三个 zookeeper 实例的 YAML 配置文件：

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: zk-svc
  labels:
    app: zk-svc
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 2888
    name: server
  - port: 3888
    name: leader-election
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: zk
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: zk-cm
data:
  jvm.heap: "1G"
  tick: "2000"
  init: "10"
  sync: "5"
  client.cnxns: "60"
  snap.retain: "3"
  purge.interval: "0"
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
  name: zk-pdb
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: zk
  minAvailable: 2
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: zk
spec:
  serviceName: zk-svc
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: zk
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: "app"
                    operator: In
                    values:
                    - zk
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      containers:
      - name: k8szk
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/zookeeper:3.4.6
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "2Gi"
            cpu: "500m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 2181
          name: client
        - containerPort: 2888
          name: server
        - containerPort: 3888
          name: leader-election
        env:
        - name : ZK_REPLICAS
          value: "3"
        - name : ZK_HEAP_SIZE
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
                name: zk-cm
                key: jvm.heap
        - name : ZK_TICK_TIME
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
                name: zk-cm
                key: tick
        - name : ZK_INIT_LIMIT
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
                name: zk-cm
                key: init
        - name : ZK_SYNC_LIMIT
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
                name: zk-cm
                key: tick
        - name : ZK_MAX_CLIENT_CNXNS
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
                name: zk-cm
                key: client.cnxns
        - name: ZK_SNAP_RETAIN_COUNT
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
                name: zk-cm
                key: snap.retain
        - name: ZK_PURGE_INTERVAL
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
                name: zk-cm
                key: purge.interval
        - name: ZK_CLIENT_PORT
          value: "2181"
        - name: ZK_SERVER_PORT
          value: "2888"
        - name: ZK_ELECTION_PORT
          value: "3888"
        command:
        - sh
        - -c
        - zkGenConfig.sh && zkServer.sh start-foreground
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - "zkOk.sh"
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - "zkOk.sh"
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 5
      securityContext:
        runAsUser: 1000
        fsGroup: 1000

我们再主要下上面那三个脚本的用途。

部署 kafka

Kafka 的 docker 镜像制作跟 zookeeper 类似，都是从远程下载安装包后，解压安装。

与 zookeeper 不同的是，只要一个脚本，但是又依赖于我们上一步安装的 zookeeper，kafkaGenConfig.sh 用来生成 kafka 的配置文件。

我们来看下这个脚本。

#!/bin/bash
HOST=`hostname -s`
if [[ $HOST =~ (.*)-([0-9]+)$ ]]; then
        NAME=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
        ORD=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
        echo "Failed to extract ordinal from hostname $HOST"
        exit 1
fi

MY_ID=$((ORD+1))
sed -i s"/broker.id=0/broker.id=$MY_ID/g" /opt/kafka/config/server.properties
sed -i s'/zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181/zookeeper.connect=zk-0.zk-svc.brand.svc:2181,zk-1.zk-svc.brand.svc:2181,zk-2.zk-svc.brand.svc:2181/g' /opt/kafka/config/server.properties

该脚本根据 statefulset 生成的 pod 的 hostname 的后半截数字部分作为 broker ID，同时再替换 zookeeper 的地址。

Kafka.yaml

下面是创建 3 个 kafka 实例的 YAML 配置。

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kafka-svc
  labels:
    app: kafka
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 9093
    name: server
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: kafka
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
  name: kafka-pdb
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kafka
  minAvailable: 2
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: kafka
spec:
  serviceName: kafka-svc
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kafka
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: "app"
                    operator: In
                    values:
                    - kafka
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
        podAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
             - weight: 1
               podAffinityTerm:
                 labelSelector:
                    matchExpressions:
                      - key: "app"
                        operator: In
                        values:
                        - zk
                 topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      containers:
      - name: k8skafka
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/kafka:2.10-0.8.2.1
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "1Gi"
            cpu: 500m
        env:
        - name: KF_REPLICAS
          value: "3"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9093
          name: server
        command:
        - /bin/bash
        - -c
        - "/opt/kafka/bin/kafkaGenConfig.sh && /opt/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /opt/kafka/config/server.properties"
        env:
        - name: KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS
          value : "-Xmx512M -Xms512M"
        - name: KAFKA_OPTS
          value: "-Dlogging.level=DEBUG"
        readinessProbe:
           tcpSocket:
             port: 9092
           initialDelaySeconds: 15
           timeoutSeconds: 1

参考

• StatefulSet - kubernetes.i